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What is a single-phase asynchronous motor

2021-10-23 08:17:46
times

1. Definition

An asynchronous motor using a single-phase AC power supply is called a single-phase asynchronous motor. The domestic single-phase voltage is 220V, and the foreign one is 120V, 100V, 230V, etc.

2. Principle

In the AC motor, when the stator winding passes the AC current, the armature magnetomotive force is established, which has a great influence on the energy conversion and running performance of the motor. Therefore, the single-phase AC winding is connected to the single-phase AC to generate a pulsed magnetomotive force, which can be decomposed into two rotating magnetomotive force sums with equal amplitudes and opposite rotational speeds, thereby establishing forward transmission and reverse rotation in the air gap. magnetic field and. These two rotating magnetic fields cut the rotor conductors and generate induced electromotive force and induced current in the rotor conductors, respectively

This current interacts with the magnetic field to generate positive and negative electromagnetic torques. Forward electromagnetic torque attempts to make the rotor rotate forward; reverse electromagnetic torque attempts to reverse the rotor. The superposition of these two torques is the resultant torque that drives the motor to rotate.

3. Motor composition

Single-phase asynchronous motors, special motors occupy a large proportion, and their structures have their own characteristics, but they are basically composed of stators, rotors, bearings, casings, end covers, windings, etc.

1. Machine base: There are several types of machine bases, such as cast iron, cast aluminum and steel plate structures.

2. Iron core: including stator iron core and rotor iron core, acting on the same as three-phase asynchronous motor, used to form the magnetic circuit of the motor

3. Winding:

Stator winding: In order to improve the starting performance and operating performance, it is generally made into two phases: the main winding (working winding) and the secondary winding (starting winding), and the central axes of the two windings are staggered by a certain electrical angle. Generally, it is wound with high-strength polyester enameled wire.

Rotor winding: It is generally a cage winding, usually made of aluminum die-casting.

4. End cover: Corresponding to different base materials, the end cover also has cast iron parts, aluminum casting parts and steel plate stamping parts.

5. Bearing: ball bearing or oil bearing

4. Startup method

1. Single-phase resistance split-phase start

2. Single-phase capacitor split-phase start

3. Single-phase capacitor operation

4. Single-phase capacitor startup and operation

 5. Single-phase shaded pole type

5. Features

1. Small and lightweight

2. It is easy to realize high-speed rotation with a speed exceeding 10000r/min

3. High operating efficiency at high speed and low torque

4. High torque at low speed and wide speed control range

5. High reliability (solid)

6. Low manufacturing cost

7. Simplification of the control device

6. Advantages

The structure is simple, the cost is low, the noise is small, and the interference to the radio system is small.

7. Disadvantages

1. The single-phase asynchronous motor has no starting torque. If no other measures are taken, the motor cannot start by itself.

2. Because of the reverse torque, the overload capacity of the single-phase asynchronous motor is low.

3. The speed of the single-phase asynchronous motor and the synchronous speed of the rotating magnetic field have a fixed slip rate, so the speed regulation performance is poor.

8. Scope of application

Single-phase asynchronous motors have low power and are mainly made into small motors. They are commonly used in household appliances and small power machinery with low power, such as electric fans, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, range hoods, electric drills, medical equipment, small fans, etc. Hand drill, automatic instrument and household water pump, etc.


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